Trumšajt - Tromba marina
Trumšajt
Z Wikipedie, otevřené encyklopedie
Trumšajt (trumscheit [trumšajt], nonnegeige, tromba marina [marína], trompet marine) je většinou jednostrunný hudební nástroj, který byl rozšířen zejména v 17. století.
Obsah[skrýt] |
[editovat] Popis
Nástroj tvoří dřevěná ozvučná skříň, která bývá někdy dlouhá přes dva metry. Trumšajt mívá jednu, dvě a někdy i více strun vedených přes kobylku zvláštní konstrukce, jejíž volná nožka naráží do těla nástroje z způsobuje typické zabarvení zvuku, podobné trubce nebo houslím.
[editovat] Technika hry
Na trumšajt se hraje vstoje, nástroj je jedním koncem položen přes rameno hráče a druhým opřen o zem. Smyčcem, drženým v pravé ruce, se hraje v horní části nástroje, struna se zkracuje palcem levé ruky dole.
[editovat] Historie
Trumšajt se vyvinul z monochordu, používaného již ve starém Řecku. Z původně jednostrunného nástroje se během několika set let vyvinuly i nástroje se dvěma a více strunami. Nástroje se objevily kolem 14. století, nejčastěji byly používány v 17. století a na přelomu 18. a 19. století zanikly.
[editovat] Externí odkazy
Kategorie: Smyčcové nástroje | Chordofony
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Tromba Marina
A tromba marina (or trumpet marine) is probably one of the more unusual instruments that was ever invented. Fantastic as it may seem, it is a legitimate instrument, and enjoyed a brief Golden Age in the first half of the eighteenth century. The tromba marina's innocent ancestor was the monochord, a single stringed instrument used in medieval monasteries to rediscover the physics of sound, and later to find pitches (the functional precursor to the piano, in that respect). At some point, the monochord acquired the tromba marina's most distinctive feature: a vibrating bridge. When played with a bow, the vibration of the string causes one foot of the bridge to vibrate against the soundboard, creating a brassy buzz. Add to this the fact that you play high harmonics on the long string, and you've got yourself a trumpet. Almost. It truly has to be heard to be believed. This instrument is a copy of an extant trumpet marine made by Johann Ulrich Fischer in 1720. The original came from the Seligenthal Cistercian Convent, and is now kept in the Landshut Stadt- und Kreismuseum. The total length is 2 meters and the vibrating length is 1.9 meters. The body has a seven-stave back of maple, and a two-piece spruce soundboard. The plans for this instrument, as well as frequent troubleshooting help, were provided by Dr. Cecil Adkins, who has written the definitive book about the trumpet marine: A Trumpet by any other Name: A History of the Trumpet Marine (Buren, Netherlands: Frits Knuf Publishers, 1991).
How does it work? The trumpet marine has one playing string, typically tuned to the C three octaves below middle C. It is played entirely with harmonics which are produced by lightly touching one's thumb to the string at nodal points. When the string is divided into eighths, for instance, a note three octaves above the open string is produced. The practical playing range of this instrument is the 6th through 12th partials, creating a major triad in the lower octave and a scale in the upper octave. This concept of playing in the harmonic series is identical to playing a bugle or a natural trumpet, hence part of this instrument's similarity to a trumpet. The other part of its similarity to a trumpet comes from its sound. Before the string attaches to the soundboard, it passes over a loosely-fitting bridge. The string is balanced over one foot of the bridge, and the other foot of the bridge vibrates against the soundboard. This amplifies the sound, transmitting it into the conical shaped body and out the soundhole at the base of the instrument. The result is a brassy buzz. A critical part to maintaining a consistent buzz is an adjusting string called a guidon. This is a string which ties loosely around the playing string right below the vibrating bridge, is pulled out to the edge of the soundboard, then goes up the instrument to the pegbox, where it is wrapped around a peg. The guidon adjusts the balance of the bridge by pulling the main string from side to side. Having an extra peg for the guidon conveniently allows the player to 'tune' the bridge while the instrument is in playing position. Where do I get one? I would be happy to expand worldwide tromba marina appreciation by building more instruments like my own. I would also be willing to consider models which are simpler (triangular body rather than seven-staved) or more complex (sympathetic strings). Please inquire for details. See also Pricing Page
What does it sound like? In the spring of 2001 I was able to work with the 7th grade orchestra at Chippewa Middle School, and perform a few movements of "Suite d' Air" by Prin. Here is an audio clip. Here is another audio clip of the solo trumpet marine. Think you've seen everything now? A 21st century trumpet marine, complete with 21 internal sympathetic strings (historical) and three external strings! -Page coming soon-
Trumpet Marine Fun -- (Because with an instrument like this you have to have a good sense of humor)
Back to "Unprofitable Instruments" Email me at kateatsigntrombamarina.com (replace "atsign" with @) Last Updated October 12, 2004 |